Mmmaa a wɔwɔ Abibirem nyinaa resrɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ mframa pa ho nhyehyɛe a ɛkyerɛ nea wɔfa mu ampa, na wɔrekyerɛ sɛ wɔagyae bɔbeasu mu nsonsonoe a ɛwɔ mframa fi a emu biara hyia mu no akyi kyɛre dodo.
Kasa kyerɛɛ Michael Asharley wɔ Clean Air Report Ghana mu wɔ Africa Clean Air Forum a ɛkɔɔ so wɔ Pretoria, South Africa no, anyansafo ne afotufo kae sɛ mpɛn pii no mmbaa na wɔfa mframa fi mu amane dodo berɛ a wɔyɛ fie dwumadi, wɔde nneɛma a ɛma wusiw noanoa aduan, na adwuma a wɔyɛ nso de wɔn to baabi a wusiw bɔne wɔ.
Panyin a ɔda Global Initiatives ano wɔ Health Effects Institute, Dr. Pallavi Pant, kae sɛ baabi a nkurɔfo te, baabi a wɔyɛ adwuma ne dwuma a wɔdi wɔ mpɔtam no na ɛkyerɛ sɛ ebia wɔbɛhyia mframa fi anaa.
“Wɔ mpɔtam pii mu wɔ wiase nyinaa no, mmbaa na wɔhwɛ wɔn afie so kɛse. Enti mpɛn pii no wɔde nneɛma a ɛma wusiw te kɛ nnyan, gya, ne mmoa bin noanoa aduan. They are also often employed… in occupations that may have higher exposure.”
Ɔkyerɛkyerɛɛ mu sɛ ɛwom sɛ mframa fi ho nhyehyɛe mprempren de wɔn adwene si kar pa ne kuro mu nhyehyɛe pa so deɛ, nanso mpɛn pii no wɔmfa da biara da nneɛma a mmbaa fa mu no mmata ho.
“Sɛ yɛhyɛ nhyehyɛe ne nneyɛe ne nea ɛsɛ sɛ yɛyɛ ho dwene a, yɛmfa bɔbeasu mu nsonsonoe no nsusuw kwan koro no so.”
Ɔtwee adwene kɔɔ nsɛm te kɛ mmbaa bammɔ, mmofra hwɛ asɔde, ne trotro/hyɛn kɔ ne ba so, na ɔkae sɛ saa nsɛm yi na mpɛn pii no wɔmfa nka ho sɛ wɔreyɛ mframa pa ho nhyehyɛe a.
Dr. Pant kae sɛ saa osuahu ahodoɔ yi nso na ɛkanyan wɔn ma wɔyɛɛ nhyehyɛe a wɔafrɛ no Women in Air Quality initiative no.
Ɔkaee nsɔhwɛ ahodoɔ a ɛfa bɔbeasu ho a ɔfai mu wɔ ne dwumadi nyinaa mu, a mmerɛ a wɔamfa no aniberɛ mu ɛsiane sɛ ɔyɛ ɔbaa nti ka ho. Berɛ a ɔwɔ mfeanom a ɔtumi de ne ho to wɔn so no, ɔhuu sɛ ɔnni mmoa biara a ɛte saa wɔ ne dwumadi mu.
Saa nkate no mu yɛɛ den kɛse wɔ mframa pa ho nhyiamu bi mu wɔ India ansa na COVID-19 yarewtoɔ no reba, baabi a ɔne mmbaa mfeanom bi kaseɛ sɛ mmbaa nni anyansafo kuo mu, ɛmfa ho sɛ mmbaa pii a wɔni nimdeɛ pii reyɛ adwuma wɔ saa dwumadi no mu.
Saa nkɔmmɔ no ma wɔyɛɛ WhatsApp kuo ketewa bi wɔ Obenem 2020 mu. Nea ɛhyɛɛ aseɛ sɛ mmbaa kuo ketewa a wɔreyɛ adwuma wɔ mframa pa ho wɔ South Asia no aba Abibirem na mprempren ɛreka nyansahufoɔ, nsɛmkyerɛwfoɔ, nhyehyɛeyɛfoɔ, adansifoɔ, adwumayɛfoɔ a wɔne nkurɔfo kosa, afotufoɔ ne asuafoɔ a wɔreyɛ adwuma de rema mframa pa atu mpon wɔ mmeae mmienu no nyinaa bom.
Sɛ Dr. Pant rekyerɛkyerɛ kuo no mu a, ɔkae sɛ:
“Adwene no ne sɛ yɛbɛnya baabi a ɛnni mmara mu pɔtee nanso ɛgye obiara baabi a yɛbɛtumi aka yɛn adwuma ho asɛm… Ampa ɛyɛ baabi a yɛbɛnya fekuo, yɛbɛnya mmoa, na afei nso yɛbɛnya nkuranhyɛ.”
Wɔn a wɔreboa ma Abibirem kuo no reyɛ kɛse no bi ne Priscah Adrine Murabaca, nkɔmmɔdi sohwɛfoɔ a ofi Uganda.
Murabaca kae sɛ ɔnyinii wɔ nkurase baabi a nnyan a wɔde noanoa aduan no yɛ da biara da abrabo fã. Te kɛ mmusua pii no, ɔmmoosisaa wusiw a ɛhyɛ wɔn afie mu no ho asɛm da.
“Ansa na ɛno reba no, na minnim hwee. Menyinii wɔ akuraa bi so. Na yɛde nnyan noanoa aduan… Na misusuw sɛ ɛyɛ ade a ɛte saa.”
Bere a ɔwɔɔ mframa pa dwumadi mu nkutoo na ɔhyɛɛ ase de fie wusiw bataa akwahosan ho nsɛm a emu yɛ den a ɛfa mmbaa ne mmofra ho.
Ndɛ, ɔne mpɔtam ahodoɔ yɛ adwuma de hyɛ nneɛma a mmbaa a wɔntumi ntua nneɛma a ɛyɛ kronkron a wɔde noanoa aduan ka no kɔ anim, na ɔhyɛ nkuran ma wɔyɛ nsakrayɛ nketewa te kɛ mfɛnsere a wɔbɛbue anaa sɛ wɔbɛnoanoa aduan wɔ kurotia sɛ ɛbɛyɛ yie a.
Ɔgye di sɛ akwanside kɛseɔ bi a ɛsi nhyehyɛe yɛ kwan mu ne nsɛm a ɛfa mmbaa akwahosan ne mframa fi a wɔhyia no a wɔmfebrɛɛ boom adanse.
“Yɛwɔ abrabɔ ho nsɛm, yɛwɔ akwahosan ho nsɛm, mprempren yɛwɔ mframa fi ho nsɛm, nanso saa nneɛma mmiensa yi nyinaa nkasa nkitaho… Sɛ yɛwɔ saa nkontaahyɛde yi a, yɛbɛtumi atwe adwene kɔ so yiye.”
Ma Kenya adansi mfididwumayɛfoɔ Mariam Wangeshi deɛ, akwantuo a ɔfai mu kɔɔ mframa pa ho nsɛmtwe mu no hyɛɛ aseɛ wɔ adansidwuma sukuu mu.
Ɔhyɛɛ aseɔ tee nkitahodi a ɛda adansi ne mframa fi mu ase berɛ a ɔtee akyinnyegyefoɔ a wɔkae sɛ adansifoɔ mpɛn pii no de wɔn adwene si adan a ɛyɛ fɛ so a wɔnsusuw efi ho dwumadi anaa amansan akwahosan ho.
Saa osuahu no sesaa kwan a na ɔfa so hwɛ ne dwumadi no koraa.
“Mebɛtee aseɛ sɛ ɛwom sɛ yɛwɔ hɔ de hwehwɛ sika deɛ, nanso mewɔ asɔde ne asɛde sɛ meyɛ adwuma a ɛbɛbɔ akwahosan ho ban, titiriw mmbaa ne mmofra akwahosan.”
Ndɛ, ɔtwe adwene kɔ nkuro a ɛkyerɛ sɛnea mmbaa te ampa, mmofra tetew, twam hyɛn mu kɔ dwuma, adwumayɛ ne mmusua hwɛ so, na ɔgye di sɛ saa nneɛma yi nyinaa seseɛ ɛdi dwuma wɔ nhyehyɛe mu.
Afei nso ɔsrɛe sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu a ɛfa bɔbeasu pɔtee ho kɛse.
“Ɛyɛ bere a mprempren yɛbɛkyekyɛ nkontaahyɛde no mu… ma yɛnyɛ no pɔtee kɛse.”
Berɛ a South Africa atwa yɛn ho ahyia atentenneeiyɛfoɔ Ranela Ngobile kae sɛ ne pɛ a ɔwɔ ma mframa pa no fi ne ara ne osuahu mu.
Berɛ a ɔrenyin wɔ Mpumalanga, baabi a ɛyɛ South Africa mantam kɛse a wɔtu gya-boɔ wɔ hɔ no, na ɔne asma yareɛ reko awɔbere biara mu.
Mfe pii no, na ɔsusuw sɛ ɛyɛ abrabɔ fã bi kɛkɛ.
Bere a ɔsukoo atwa yɛn ho ahyia mu nyansahu na ɔde ne ho bɔɔ atwa yɛn ho ahyia atentenneeiyɛ ahyehyɛde GroundWork no akyi nkutoo na ɔhuu sɛ mframa fi na ɛde ahomehome yareɛ a ɛrehyehyɛ ne mpɔtam no bae.
“Me a mewɔ ha yi ɛfiri sɛ mempɛ sɛ mmofra afoforo nso dwen dodo nanso wɔnnim nea ɛreto wɔn.”
Ndɛ, ɔne mpɔtam a nnwumakuo mframa fi aka wɔn yɛ adwuma, na ɔrekyerɛ emufoɔ nkitahodi a ɛda mframa fi, akwahosan ne ewiem nsakrayɛ mu berɛ a ɔrehyɛ atwa yɛn ho ahyia mmara hyehyɛe mu den.
Afei nso ɔgye di sɛ mmbaa fɛtɛ sɛ wɔnya nne a emu yɛ den wɔ atwa yɛn ho ahyia nhyehyɛe mu.
“Ɛsɛ sɛ yɛhyɛ mmbaa den na yɛhwɛ sɛ yɛde mmbaa bɛto anim kɛse.”
Saa kuo a ɛreyɛ kɛse yi nso rehyɛ mmbaa awoɔntoatoa foforɔ a wɔrewɔ dwumadi no mu nkuran.
Tino Muponde, Master’s osuani wɔ Public Health a ɔyɛ Environmental Health ho adwuma wɔ University of Cape Town a ne nhwehwɛmu si Just Transition so no, kae sɛ kɔ a ɔkɔɔ Women in Air Quality nhyiamu wɔ Pretoria no kyerɛɛ ahoɔden a mmbaa nya bere a wɔba bom de hwehwɛ adwene koro no.
“Ɛhyɛɛ me den kɛse sɛ mewɔ Women in Air Quality nhyiamu no mu wɔ Pretoria.”
Ɔde kaaho sɛ:
“Ɛhyɛɛ nkuran sɛ to so faye baabi te kɛ mmbaa na twe adwene kɔ kwan a yɛwɔ ma mframa pa ne atwa yɛn ho ahyia a ɛyɛ kronkron so.”
Muponde gye di sɛ biakoyɛ bɛhyɛ kuo no den.
“Ahoɔden wɔ dodoɔ mu.”
Afei nso ɔhyɛɛ mmbaa pii nkuran sɛ wɔnsusuw adwuma yɛ wɔ saa dwumadi yi mu.
“Ɛyɛ dwumadi a anidasoɔ wɔ mu sɛ ɔbaa bi bɛyɛ adwuma wɔ Air Quality mu.”
Ma Sasha Nannyange, a ɔne AIRQo yɛ adwuma no, mframa pa da so yɛ asɛm a wɔagyae akyi ɛmfa ho sɛ ɛka nnipa ampepem pii no.
“Air Quality yɛ ade ketewa bi wɔ ne kwan so. Wɔmfa nnyɛ ade a ɛho hia kɛse.”
Ɔkae sɛ mpɛn pii no mmbaa na wɔhyia mframa fi kɛse nti ɛsɛ sɛ wɔwɔ mfitiase mu wɔ anohohwehwɛ mu.
“Mmmaa na ɛka wɔn kɛse.”
Ɔde kaaho sɛ daakye nhyehyɛe seseɛ ɛde mmbaa ka ho ɛda adi pefee.
“Ɛho hia sɛ yɛde bɔbeasu mu adwene ba saa nkɔmmɔdi yi mu nso… anohohwehwɛ a yɛde mmbaa hyɛ adwene mu na yɛde mmbaa ba adan a wɔyɛ saa nsusuwii yi mu.”
Mmmaa no penee so sɛ mframa pa ho anohohwehwɛ ntumi nnya nkonyim sɛ wɔagyae mmbaa abrabɔ mu osuahu akyi a.
Sɛ ebia ɛyɛ noanoa aduan a wɔde nnyan ne mmoa bin yɛ, adwumayɛ wɔ kwan ho gua mu, mmofra hwɛ anaa nkuro a mpɛn pii no wɔnsusuw mmbaa bammɔ ho mu nantew a, wɔka sɛ bɔbeasu seseɛ ɛbɛyɛ fã bi wɔ nhwehwɛmu ne nhyehyɛeyɛ mu.
Ɛwom sɛ ɛnnii mmara mu pɔtee mprempren deɛ, Women in Air Quality initiative no abɛyɛ baabi a mmbaa nya afotufoɔ, nhwehwɛmu yɛfoɔ afoforɔ, sika mmoa ho kwan ne adwuma mu mmoa. Asɔremma no nso kamfo wɔn ho wɔn ho ma nhyiamu, nsɛmkyerɛwfoɔ nkɔmmɔdi ne amansan kuo ahodoɔ, a ɛboa ma mmbaa nimdeɛ da adi kɛse wɔ wiase nyinaa mframa pa nkɔmmɔdi mu.
Sɛ yɛrehwɛ anim a, Dr. Pant wɔ anidasoɔ sɛ nhyehyɛe no bɛyɛ ahyehyɛde kɛse a ɛwɔ ahonyadeɔ a ɛbɛtumi aboa mmbaa wɔ Abibirem ne Asia nyinaa bere a ɛrehyehyɛ mframa pa ho nhyehyɛe a ɛyɛ kronkron na ɛde obiara ka ho.
“Me botae ne sɛ yɛbɛyɛ saa kuo yi ma ɛbɛda mmarato mu pɔtee na yɛanya ahonyadeɔ a ɛbɛma yɛatumi ayɛ saa bere biara.”
Ma mmbaa a wɔda saa mmɔdenbɔ yi ano no, mframa pa ma a ɛbɛtu mpon no kyɛn ewiem fɛfɛ kɛkɛ. Ɛfa so sɛ wɔbɛhwɛ ma nnipa a mframa fi ka wɔn kɛse no bɛyɛ nkɔmmɔdi no fã, ne nsusuwii a ɛhyehyɛ anohohwehwɛ no.
Saa asɛm yi yɛ adwumayɛbom a yɛne New Narratives yɛe. Sika mmoa no fi Clean Air Fund a wɔanwo nsɛm a ɛwɔ mu no mu.
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